Número 19 (1): 2022
Articles
Michel Dion
La continuité axiologique dans le discours éthique/moral des entreprises : Un défi d’unification discursive
ABSTRACT
The axiological continuity within corporate discourse can be analyzed through all “ethically-focused” corporate documents, whether they are “ethically-focused” (values statement), “morally-oriented” (code of ethics), or “ethically neutral” (corporate mission and vision). Sisodia, Sheth and Wolfe (2014) has identified twenty-eight American listed companies as “firms of endearment”. We will see to what extent ten (of those twenty-eight) American listed companies have a unified discourse that gathers core organizational values. We will check how those core organizational values are connected to the basic values of firms of endearment: passion, collaboration, and an emotive connectedness with all stakeholders (love, friendship, caring, empathy, and compassion).
Keywords: Mission, Vision, and values statements; Corporate code of ethics; Organizational values.
Michel Dion
La continuité axiologique dans le discours éthique/moral des entreprises : Le cas des ‘entreprises émotivement connectées à leurs parties prenantes’
ABSTRACT
We will examine how the organizational values of ten American listed companies considered as « firms of endearment » are in continuity with the basic values of the firms of endearment model (Sisodia, Sheth and Wolfe, 2014). We will analyze three basic corporate documents : the corporate value statement, the corporate mission and vision, and the corporate code of ethics.
Keywords: Axiological continuity, Firms of endearment, Ethical issues, Stakeholders.
John D. Feldmann
The Case for Fed Cooperation in Monetary Policy: The Federal Reserve 53 and the Prisoner’s Dilemma
ABSTRACT
During the Global Financial Crisis the US Federal Reserve rejected calls from critics in the EME and elsewhere to be more aware of spillovers and externalities and instead to conduct a coordinated and cooperative monetary policy. This article analyses the 2015 Mundell-Fleming lecture in which former Chairman Ben Bernanke defends Fed policies and rejects cooperation as offering better outcomes. I argue that the model and analytical framework Bernanke used in this defense are inadequate – casting doubt on Fed policies – as they do not incorporate the lesson of the Prisoner’s Dilemma that a cooperative choice can often provide the optimal solution. Relying on the work of the late philosopher Robert Nozick I trace this deficiency to a failure to include evidentiary and symbolic expected utilities in the Fed’s decision-making approach.
Keywords: Federal Reserve, monetary policy, Prisoner’s Dilemma, currency war, Robert Nozick.
Research report
Jérôme Ballet & Aurélie Carimentrand
Commerce équitable et spiritualité : Le cas du « Territoire jumelé de 85 commerce équitable » Pondichéry et Auroville (Inde du sud)
ABSTRACT
The “fair trade towns” campaign aims to mobilize citizens at the local level for more justice in trade and sustainability through their consumption practices. This article examines the case of the Pondicherry and Auroville twin initiative in south-eastern India. This initiative is marked by the imprint of a form of humanist spirituality carried by Aurobindo Ackroyd Ghose, more commonly Sri Aurobindo, in Pondicherry, and Mirra Alfassa, known as “Mother”, in Auroville. We analyze how this spiritual imprint contributes both to the dynamics of this initiative and to its limits. In particular, we underline that if the spirituality of the actors on this territory constitutes a cement of the initiative, its material development is also slowed down by spiritual attributes materialized through the network of the actors and the specificity of the productions on the territory.
Keywords: Fair trade, Spirituality, India, Territory, Auroville.
Book review
Nilanjan Bhowmick
Ethical Engagements
A review of Shashi Motilal, Keya Maitra and Prakriti Prajapati’s The Ethics of Governance: The Moral Limits of Policy Decisions (Springer, 2021)
Luis Ignacio Arbesú Verduzco
A Common Good Approach to Development: Collective Dynamics of Development Processes
Número 19 (2): 2022
Articles
Denis Requier-Desjardins
Méritocratie, humiliation, souffrance, épreuves, et « élites multiples ». Une mise en dialogue de contributions récentes
ABSTRACT
The approach followed in this contribution takes up a methodology already developed previously (Requier-Desjardins 2017), namely the dialogue of some recent contributions, whose simultaneity creates a space for debate that can be assumed in connection with a particular social situation. On the one hand, we put into relation the criticism of the meritocratic ideal, dominant in our market economies, which refers to the debate on justice theories, and the consideration of an emotional approach to economic behavior that allows us to pose, beyond the mere consideration of well-being, the question of suffering generated by this predominance of reference to merit. This dialogue concerns contributions which are both theoretical approaches and approaches based on empirical data, and which will lead us to raise the question of the contribution of this dialogue to the analysis of sectoral dynamics, namely in information technology or food sectors.
Michel Dion
L’identité éthico-morale de l’organisation
ABSTRACT
In this article, we will analyze the « ethico-moral » identity of the organization, under its teleological mode (centered on values and attitudes: ethical aim, Aristotle), deontological mode (centered on norms of behavior: moral normativity, Kant), or composite mode (interdependence between ethical aim and moral normativity). The ambiguities related to those three modes will be examined. The evolution of the ethico-moral identity of the organization will be described in its successive steps. Only the first step will be analyzed: the relative stability of the global ethico-moral identity of the organization, as it is mirrored in corporate codes of ethics and sustainable development reports. Then, we will look at the ethical/moral discourse of four companies (cosmetics industry: L’Oréal, Estée Lauder; foods industry: Danone, PepsiCo) to better understand its evolution between 2011 and 2020 and to assess the influence of two basic corporate documents (code of ethics and corporate social responsibility/sustainable development reports) on the ethico-moral identity of those organizations. In the four companies, we have observed an « hyper-segmented » ethico-moral identity that follows from an axiological discontinuity between the code of ethics and the corporate social responsibility/sustainable development reports (between 2011 and 2020).
Geneviève Fontaine
Les communs de capabilités : des questions à se poser pour mettre en œuvre efficacement une approche radicale et transformative de la transition
ABSTRACT
The collective dynamics of actors seeking to effectively implement a radical and transformative approach to transition cannot avoid questioning the normative and ontological presuppositions of the different approaches to transition. In doing so, it is possible for them to define an ideal type of approach to sustainable development that will motivate and guide their ways of thinking and acting and thus contribute to its operationalization. Based on the capability approach to sustainable development proposed by A. Sen, and on the responses to its incompleteness, we propose to characterize socially sustainable development as this ideal-type of radical and transformative approach to transition. In order to qualify the collective actions that enable its implementation, we draw on the epistemological proximity between the capability approach and the Ostromian approach to the commons to consider the commons as a way to operationalize the capability approach to sustainable development. Crossing the contributions of Sen and Ostrom, we propose the concept of the capability commons both as an ideal-type guiding common action and as an instituting collective action likely to bring it about.
Keywords: Capabilities, commons, operationalization, relational ontology.
Akram Amatarneh
Key Ethical Issues Related to Covid 19 Vaccination: Personal Choice vs Greater Public Welfare and Informed Consent
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the ethical issue of informed consent in the context of the contest between personal choice and the greater public welfare. It also refers to a number of low, middle- and high-income countries where vaccine hesitancy, and to a lesser extent refusal, has been fed by misinformation on a scale not previously observed but made possible by the proliferation of modern technology. This ‘campaign of ignorance’ has further undermined trust in governmental health bodies and their attempts to implement quarantine and other measures such as vaccination that had already been damaged by early variations and vacillation in governmental approaches around the globe due in part to a reluctance by some governments to take actions that would have economic repercussions but also by the necessary evolution of their approaches as more became known about the disease and its variants.
The paper examines the historical background and the current situation and finds that more must be done to restore or increase trust levels between citizens and governmental authorities, including the dissemination of high-quality accurate information in a form relevant to readers/viewers. While potential side-effects of vaccines must be disclosed to ensure informed consent, their incidence should also be clearly communicated (e.g., in vaccine information statements) so that clients/patients are aware that a risk is 1 in 100 or 1 in 1000 or 1 in 2 million etc.
Key words: Personal choice, Public welfare, Informed Consent, Law & Individual Privacy.
Shashi Motilal
Defending Rawls from behind the ‘veil of ignorance’: An attempt to salvage Rawls’ public conception of social justice
ABSTRACT
The paper considers the question whether Rawls’ (1971) ‘public conception of justice’ can provide a guiding principle for legislation by institutions in governance. It argues that in order that Rawls’ principles would be universally acceptable to “rational, equal and free individuals”, they would have to be “thin” in content. However, the actual statement of Rawls’ principles cannot be interpreted as limiting entitlements to “social primary goods,” or even precisely, what these goods are, without regard to the different types of specificities of individuals identified by Amartya Sen (1999). In arguing thus, it purports to defend Rawls’ theory of justice from Sen’s (1999) criticism that in adopting the resourcist paradigm, Rawls’ theory fails to respond to the heterogeneity of individuals. Interpolating Rawls “presuppositions” about the original position in 12 conditions that underlie and determine the choice of the principles of justice, the paper argues that these conditions taken individually or collectively can provide a strong response to Sen’s criticisms.
Citing relevant examples of institutional orders/schemes, the paper attempts to show how Rawls’ principles of justice can take into account heterogeneities that characterise individuals without compromising the objectivity of the principles themselves.
Key Words: social primary goods, public conception of justice, veil of ignorance, capabilities, personal heterogeneities.
POLÍTICA DE CONFIABILIDAD
Journal Ethics, Economics & Common Goods, vol.19, No. 2 julio-diciembre 2022 publicación semestral editada por la Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla A. C, calle 21 sur 1103, Col. Santiago, C.P 72410, Puebla, Puebla. Tel. (222) 2299400, https//ethics-and-economics.com/, callspapers@ethicsand-economics.com.
Editores: María Teresa Herrera Rendón Nebel y Sara Balestri. Reserva de derechos al uso exclusivo No. 04-2022-071213543400-102, ISNN 2954 – 4254, ambos otorgados por el Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor. Responsables técnicos: Oliva Verónica Ponce Xelhua.
Fecha de última modificación, 30 enero de 2023.
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